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Could this also be a virtue?
Many a contemporary would otherwise hardly doubt the objective validity of what is said here about virtues. Be that as it may, the discussion on this subject is not new. The first historically known to have taken place (according to the record) as early as the fourth century before the Christ-if, of course, one does or does not take away from the rich biblical literary production on the subject. Plato’s Socrates encounters a certain Euthyphro at the King’s Stoa and they engage in a debate about piety. Socrates, in his usual way, gives rise to an interesting conversation. It doesn’t end like other times with a definition in which one learns the nature of the subject under discussion but makes only factual assumptions about it. Who knows why? Perhaps because of the quite special nature of the subject in question, which involves both human and divine. He did, however, outline something that was an immediate preparation for the definition: piety is “that part of the just which relates to the care given to the gods; while the part relating to the care of men is the remaining part of justice” (Plato, Dialogues, 328 E), and at the same time “is the knowledge of what we have of the gods to ask and what we are to give them” (ibid., 331 D).
It is interesting to note what an exact parallel there is between this and the Hebrew-Biblical view of piety, which sees in it the realization of the very comprehensive notion of righteousness. When a biblical author wanted to express the moral excellence of some great personality “before God and all people” (e.g. Joseph, Mary’s husband), he wrote that he was a “righteous” man – although he often associates another adjective – “God-fearing”. For the contemporary, however, the discussion of piety is largely only a quaint affair, a debate about something that belongs to the past. If someone starts a conversation on the subject with the attitude that he has raised something topical, he is likely to be laughed at. Especially if he were to present it as a virtue. For us, however, the likelihood that a statistical majority otherwise is not even indicative in this regard. Therefore, let us formulate the question as follows: What is piety? In the broadest sense, it is a deep, existential interest in something, or rather in someone, that transcends one’s self and from which one can personal virtues everything depends. It is not always a matter of some precise idea, but almost always a kind of premonition of the divine, often coupled with a desire to reach it, to know it, accompanied by a feeling of awe or reverence. It is probably in this sense that he speaks.
Goethe speaks of the “Religion of awe – Religion der Ehrfurcht”. If we reach beyond ethnology, we shall see that this feeling and these feelings are not a matter of this or that man or tribe, nor a matter of giftedness or the structural construction of the psyche (e.g. “religious
type” in E. Spranger), but simply belong to the essence of man as a creature endowed with reason and freedom. The endowment for this sphere may be repressed or clogged by the various experiential junk of banal everyday life, but somehow it is always there – is one sublimation or compensation or another. The view of God or the gods appears immediately from the conversation between Euthyphro and Socrates – and in general throughout Greek as well as Asia Minor, Egyptian as well as Indian mythology -, and represents a very advanced degree of religious decadence compared with Christianity. Yet these people cannot be denied piety, which, moreover, pervades their whole life, their relationship to nature, to people, and organized society or the state.
But a sense of a higher being and expressions of reverence for it is not enough. This fact is too fascinating to be content with. That is why, from the beginning of historical times, we have encountered attempts to penetrate the mystery of the divine rationally and to justify expressions of piety. Among the ancient Greeks (Anaximander, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle) a rational discussion of these questions is one of the high points of philosophical thought about God in general. But even this peak did not satisfy the spirit and heart of man. He felt, that all such piety was unworthy of God. According to the Christian faith, the fullness of the knowledge of God is opened to man only when God himself reveals something of himself and the interrelationships between himself and man or mankind – and when he makes it clear what form of piety is for him correct and acceptable. And this began with the coming of Christ and will culminate in by his visible glorification before the whole world. In him, the pure nature of nature was enriched by the super-nature. In it, man receives his hunches about God, and God Himself reveals Himself to him, how a man can honor him most sublimely.
Under the influence of the Renaissance and later Romanticism, the cosmic, or nature-relationship, piety took hold again, most Piety, especially among scholars and poets (Goethe, Rilke). Over time, however, this relationship with nature faded into piety, and the romantic man remained alone with the admired nature. And so, slowly, he began to give birth to and develop a new relationship with nature, which can be described as conquering: a man approaches it as a sovereign master. He explores its nature and the possibilities of its technical use, literally its abuse for his benefit,..which is often, in the end, rather a disservice. Had the Franciscan love of “divine nature” with its contemporary evaluation of creation as work and evidence of the Creator’s love, there would probably not have been a “flight” into nature religiosity or a modern “deification” or even “deification of nature” among many ecologists. Love of the world or nature is not for the Christian who believes in God.
The creator is something ungodly. However, a change of attitude towards it has come too late, when secularization, or rejection of the Creator, had already reached a high point and had long since paved the way for a comeback. Unsecular or anti-secular piety always results in an ungodly, even an ungodly world. As can be observed, there are several types of piety in a transverse as well as a longitudinal cut through history – according to what is emphasized: eucharistic, liturgical, Marian, etc. But there is also piety that is tied to the nations: Germanic, Roman, Slavic, and Hispano-American. And all can be tuned individually, collectively, contemplatively, missionary, etc.
With the advent of the Enlightenment, the notion of piety narrowed. In philosophical writing as well as fiction, the term “pious” refers to the purely cultic sphere, which, especially in Kant, caused a such
strong reaction that he radically opposed religion, whose content was anything other than the pursuit of moral life. According to him, the best worship is the observance of the Creator’s commands. Later, when even religion became the subject of “philosophizing,” there was no lack of authors (Schleiermacher) who saw religion as exclusives ly one of the expressions of human affectivity.
The Catholic Church, in the name of its claim to universality, saw piety is the total of all the spiritual aspects of man and according to led people to it. Yet in this century, especially under the influence of literature and the press in general – but also as a result of the bigotry of a large part of the faithful – identical sections of the population have harvested the importance of Personal virtues once piety its original good sound and has discredited itself to such an extent that people, especially the young, became ashamed to be described as “pious”. It became almost fashionable to identify piety with something wistful that lurks somewhere in the semi-shelter of old churches and dark chapels. It has become much closer to 20t-century to the noncommittal and romantic adoration of nature and the cosmos. This situation has persisted to our day, and after the entry of the theosophical ideas, but especially the epidemic spread of the New Age wave, it has escalated even further. In vogue is the absurd cosmic religion with its pretended mysticism. Absurd because New Age is incapable of even hinting at the object of religiosity, much less somehow characterizing the being to whom one orients oneself in the “performance” of one’s piety – if New Age at all speaks of a “being.” But even those not yet caught up in this or similar religious viruses, are very quick and bold to pronounce judgments about religion and
piety. When there is talk of religion and politics, everyone feels himself to be an expert. Harsh judgments are often the remedy for the wounds that a bad conscience inflicts on human feelings. Stating false piety is a healing plaster for wounds, a convenient excuse for neglecting God.
In parallel, however, the voices of the Pharisees are also heard. They strain through gnats, the faults of others, to digest their heavy moral falls, and whether to swallow a camel (Mt 23:24). Even Jesus was strict against false piety, and many, especially those who have almost no part in his life, have been zealous in severity towards him in this respect – but only in this follow. Criticism of religion from non-religious circles emphasizes above all the necessity of doing everything in moderation. Such a thing is possible only with state religions, where everything is enshrined in the protocol. For Christianity, however, this is sheer formalism, for it emphasizes the mindset, the interior. It is not so much exclusively concerned with some emotional experience or feeling as much as it is primarily about a sincere relationship with God with his moral implications. When this is lost, piety becomes an end in itself, and its culmination is only the mystical or pseudo-mystical emotional excitement. Piety needs to be restored to its original meaning and content and to begin as a virtue. In this sense, it is necessary, already in the first years of childhood. For Christians – both children and adults – there is naturally a very spontaneous is spontaneously connected with the supernatural, because one presupposes the other. Last but not least, religion thrives best where the cradle of children, in the family. The symbolic link between earthly fatherhood and the fatherhood of God plays a particularly important role in this. The awakening of piety or the opening of the child’s soul to God can begin earlier than many parents do. Children have a role to play in this special antennae for this kind of outreach. The effect is all the more profound and lasting for this,# the more children feel loved. Over time, at different developmental stages, religious education must adapt to the needs and sensitivities of children and young people, as well as their character.
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Baptism of the Lord.
Humanism is the fruit of change One of the slogans of the European Renaissance and humanism was a rebirth. A man should have reached it in the process of returning to ancient ideals, which were supposed to change him. The idea of rebirth conquered many geniuses and Renaissance popes at that time. Fine art found the theme of the baptism of Jesus Christ in one of the iconographic types of rebirth. In the Gospel, we read how John the Baptist announced to his listeners the need for repentance and change. People then decided to change their lives and get baptized. Jesus Christ also joined the line of repentant people waiting for baptism.
The change did not occur
Renaissance painters approached the idea of humanism by placing beautiful Italian nature, fortified cities, and mighty castles in the background of the biblical scene. It was supposed to be an image of harmony with what the gospel brings to the society of the new age. Some artists supplemented the depicted subject with a theological goal. In the scene of Christ’s baptism, for example, they expressed it with the image of the Holy Spirit, which in the form of a dove descends on the baptized Jesus, or with the image of the open sky, from where the heavenly Father confirms his Son. They were deep thoughts that have not lost their motivational charge to this day.
However, at the time of the Renaissance, the desired change in human society did not occur. The morals of the popes of that time also fell. The sorry state of Christianity was transferred from Italy, the cradle of humanism and the Renaissance, to other countries. The growing tension between the religious ideal and reality provoked reformation currents and internal wars in Germany. The situation resulted in the division of Western Christendom.
Human society usually tends to understand renewal or social awakening only in external categories. It changes the architecture of buildings, the appearance of cities, the design of objects that we take in our hands every day, and their price ranges, but internally, a person does not change for the better. It remains the same. Nor did humanism and the Renaissance create a new type of humanity. Rather, they liked classical antiquity and its way of life. He was characterized by too much conceit, vanity, pride, strength, and a cult of personality leading titanium. Church and state laws and traditional orders were then considered limiting individual freedom. People thought they were heroes and supermen, but they were licentious and spendthrift, cheats, liars, and cruel. They did not stop glorifying each other and talking about immortal glory. No age before had so many immortal poets,
Authentic humanism
The problem proved intractable, where humanism became the only ideal for personal or social life. If humanism is to be authentic, it must be preceded and animated by religious thinking. Let’s look at John the Baptist as he refuses to baptize Jesus in the Sunday Gospel. He believes that Christ as the Lamb of God is first like him. A fixed hierarchy does not allow for change. Accepting Christ’s argument about the fulfillment of what is just brings change. We don’t know how long it took for John to understand that he had to renounce even the dearest idea that he had nurtured and cherished for the Messiah for many years.
We see it only in a religious and humane gesture of service. Humanism in the Gospel is born from the constant demand for change in human and religious thinking. Priorities mainly demand change, because they found themselves in a different position due to new circumstances. John, who at first repeated that he was not worthy to untie the strap of the Messiah’s shoe, suddenly baptizes him as a sign of repentance.
Service of a different kind changes John, and thus he becomes a man of New Testament times. It is an ideal to which we all aspire. It can be recognized in accompanying the humane behavior of today’s Christians. To become humane, let us learn from John. The passage about the baptism of Jesus suggests that the first steps towards the humanization of a person take place in his decision-making when we choose what the other wants. Let us decide consciously to live the Christian ideal in which we were baptized. Not only because of the wishes of parents and relatives but for a step towards humanizing ourselves.
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Success means more than making money.
Success means doing the best we can with what we have.
Success is about doing, not about getting – about succeeding, not winning. Wynn Davis.
The most important discovery in life at the age of thirty-nine, I first understood what it meant to be successful. What have I achieved? I became CEO of a Fortune company. Did I bring home my first Mercedes? Did I win the lottery? Did I win a huge amount of money in the game and want to be a Millionaire? Nothing like that, I just made a simple but profound discovery. I discovered, how life works and what’s most significant in life. After years of groping around.
I understood what it means to succeed in life and how to go about it. With this… I had always lacked two things: a sense of inner peace and a sense of self-worth. Plus, I began to enjoy life more than I ever had before. What was the fundamental discovery? Is there a blueprint for success? I’m convinced there is. But you won’t find it nicely prepared and tastefully packaged, nor will you see it advertised on television. It’s nothing new, no secrets, no magic. That’s why this manual is a bust. It’s very old, too simple, and too innocent. But it works. After years of historical, philosophical, and psychological study.
I’ve come to realize that life and success can be boiled down to a few basic principles that we’ve known for thousands of years. In search of the recipe for the “good life”. I took several paths and eventually found myself where I was where I started, with what I call the old-fashioned truths. As Edward Albee says in his play It Happened at the Zoo, “…sometimes it is necessary to take the wrong road for a long time, to get back right and fast.”
Does this book contain instructions? Can you find it among the 20 offered? I hope so. If you apply these ancient principles consistently, you will understand and experience the true meaning of success. I am truly convinced of this. A Swedish proverb says we grow old too fast and grow wise too late. Maybe that doesn’t have to happen. Maybe you’ll my book will help you wise up before I do. And if you’re older, that’s okay. It’s never too late to learn. The smartest people in the world are the ones …are who can be happy.
We can’t seem to make up our minds about whether money is bad or good. If someone is said to be successful, it usually means they are rich. So wealth must be good. But they also say that money can’t buy happiness. So it must be bad. Wealthy people donate billions of dollars every year to needed projects, which is good. But haven’t we heard that money is the source of all evil? So they’re back bad. Poor people criticize the rich but would like to be rich. So how is that so? Is money good or bad? Neither. But we live in a society where money is often associated with success, so we must analyze it. We need to clarify some of the myths that circulate about money, and we need to look at it from the right perspective. In connection with money, I would like to draw attention to two phenomena:
1. Money is not bad
Does the Bible say that money is the root of all evil? No. The Bible says that the love of money is the root of all evil. That is a big difference. There’s nothing wrong with money. Wanting to have money is not wrong, and having it is not wrong, even in large quantities. The key question is how we get it and what we do with it. Money honestly acquired and well spent can do a lot of good. Can it buy happiness? He who said probably didn’t have enough. It can buy much more happiness than poverty. I think the best way to solve this problem was described by Pearl Bailey when she said, “I was poor, my dear, and I was rich. Let me tell you, being rich is better.” And it’s true. Success, and money, are probably better in most cases. Being rich is not illegal or immoral, but it’s not everything.
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Feast of the Epiphany – Three Kings
Christian commitment – a matter of faith, hope, and love (Mt 2:1-12
During the holidays, in moments of silence, did you also think a lot about the things of everyday life? Perhaps also your attitude towards faith. His commitment. When we can get involved in other areas of life, how is it in getting involved in faith? Why do young people like to go to the disco? Why do I like to sit down at the chessboard? Why do I like to pick up a book? Or will I sit down at the piano? Because I’m happy about it? Yes. I have to make some effort, effort, but the result will please, satisfy, enrich, and fill with peace, and a feeling of happiness.
Today – on the Feast of the Epiphany – we read how the wise men: “… they fell to the ground and worshiped
him. Then they opened their treasuries and gave him gifts: gold, frankincense, and myrrh” (Mt 2:11-12).
Let us consider what a great desire it must have been that compelled the sages to set out on their journey. When they independently read from the books of the Jews that the star is supposed to announce the birth of an extraordinary king. They want to see him, to bow to him, and not only decency told them not to go empty-handed. Their commitment leads them to embark on a journey to an unknown land. Familiar events, familiar things, familiar people, and yet new motives, attitudes, and a new possibility of engagement.
People in the Gospel can be divided into several groups of personal involvement about Christ.
Herod represents people interested only in themselves. They make sure that no one and nothing threatens their comfort or well-being… They get involved when they feel threatened. They don’t shy away from pretense, meanness, and lies, they commit terror, violin and ce, and murder… Their involvement ends sooner than they think, is and often is the exact opposite of what they desire. Their lives can be compared to the grain of the parable, which the birds pick up before it takes root and starts to grow a stalk. What kind of life is this? Is this how we should realize our life? What is the meaning, essence, and goal of life on earth? One can also talk about baptized people, but not Christians. God is their enemy.
Some leaders of the nation from the groups of Pharisees and scribes represent the second group. They are educated, they have a responsibility, they know where it is written about the birth of the Messiah, they know where he is to be born, and, perhaps, they even saw a star and burned like a seed because it took root on a rock. Later they cut to catch Jesus talking, cut to his life, and even blaspheme him as he dies on the cross. The essence of life is power, glory, silent consent to sin, and obeisance. A Christian only gets involved when it suits him. Self against God.
Another group consists of the curious around Jesus from his birth to his resurrection. Soldiers murder Bethlehem boys. Judas betrays for thirty pieces of silver. A young man who has many possessions goes away sad. The crowd that seeks Jesus after the multiplication of the loaves and fishes does not accept Jesus’ words about true food. Another seed fell into a thorn. It suffocated. A Christian who engages only in the external forum fulfills his duties only out of habit: holidays are a matter of tradition, faith a matter of folklore. Such people cannot deny themselves, and therefore they will never feel the joy of personal involvement in faith. They cannot offer themselves as gold, frankincense, or myrrh. Their eyes do not see or do not want to see a model, an example of others from their surroundings, who in their commitment can give up and control a lot, but they receive much more than Jesus promised them.
The serious group is represented by shepherds and kings at the manger. What happened to them later? The important thing is that they fulfilled what was expected of them, what was asked of them. Shepherds talk and then keep silent. The kings returned to their country, and we know nothing more about their further activities. However, in their place, in their time, they were a grain that fulfilled its mission. It brought a harvest. A hundredfold harvest. God is no respecter of persons, but everyone who fears him and does what is right is pleasing to him. God gives us time, space, and talent and expects us to fulfill his expectation in the time he has determined, the length of which we do not know. Our commitment is a decisive value that cannot be underestimated.
During repairs around the church, and parish building, but also on other occasions, personal involvement brings joy, well-being, and often growth in faith.
They built a new church on the estate. a company built the church. It indeed brought many advantages: close to the church, pleasant a environment, and so on. Believers in its construction were involved only financially.
Others built a church on the estate, but with their help. This church also has many advantages, but one surpasses the previous ones, and it can be expressed in words: it is our church. Even after years, their memories are linked to certain things, and events during the construction and construction of the church. Personal commitment.
When an old musician was passing by a church where a new organ had recently been installed and heard it being played, he wanted to try the organ. He asked the organist, who was rehearsing some compositions. But he got a negative answer. He asked politely again, but the organist answered:
I’m sorry, but where would we get if everyone walking by wanted to try a new organ?
The old musician begged for the third time: “Just one song.”
He was not granted. He was leaving sadly, when suddenly his composition sounded from the organ, but very pitifully. He took offense. He returned and pointedly remarked,
“Sir, this piece must be played differently, let me.”
The organist—amazed by his insistence—allowed him to play. Beautiful notes rang out from the organ. Now the organist himself puts his hand on his shoulder and asks:
“Who are you?”
“Mendelssohn.”
“What? Are you a music composer? I’m sorry I didn’t let you right away.’
The musician was personally involved. How many times do we easily and quickly renounce personal involvement for our cause, beneficial for the soul or souls of others? It is necessary to pursue your goal, which is by the words: Thy will be done… Knowing how to bring a gift to God. Even himself as a king, his gifts. Let’s consider what the Child Jesus rightfully expects from us as a gift. That we have nothing? And what is most valuable to ourselves?
The sages accepted the appeal to the star. They made the journey. They brought gifts. Many stars in our life invite us on the way to realize the words: Thy will be done. And our answer?
Christmas holidays are like days of spiritual exercises, during which we have more time to think about our involvement in spiritual life. Even today’s Gospel about the wise men is a lesson, a call to a more active approach in the field of engagement.
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John Nepomuk Neumann
Saint of the Three Nations
There are few in the calendar and in the history of the saints who consider their three distinct nations. One of them is the saint of today, the Czech national patron saint, St. Jan Nepomuk Neumann, bishop. Our Czech nation, and especially those of us in southern Bohemia, claim this saint. As you surely know, he was born on March 28, 1811, in Prachatice. His mother was Czech, as evidenced by her maiden name: Anežka Lepší. Young Jan studied in České Budějovice at the gymnasium and then at the theological faculty in Prague. However, his father, hosier Filip Neumann, was German, and German was spoken at home in his family. For this reason, even the Germans – especially the neighboring nation of the Bavarians – rightly consider him as their saint. The third nation that worships him with special piety is the Americans because Saint Jan Nepomuk Neumann worked blessedly in the States, he did much good here, and also died a holy death here as the fourth bishop of the city of Philadelphia. He is the first bishop from the United States to be canonized.
The vocation to the priesthood awoke in young John very early. It is said that he enjoyed ministering as a schoolboy and even made a small altar at home, at which he often prayed. Another story from his childhood is also known, which he recorded in his diary. When he once prayed before a meal, he made a large Latin cross instead of three small crosses. The old nanny immediately noticed this and remarked with a smile: “Look, our Honzíek will be a priest one day!” She guessed right, although Jan’s path to the priesthood was certainly not paved with roses. On the contrary – many different obstacles awaited him, but whom the Lord calls, He will also give him the strength to overcome all difficulties. So it was rather a thorny path, but young John knew very well that whoever decided to follow Christ the Lord must also carry his cross.
He had to overcome the first difficulties at home because his father wanted him to become a doctor. He did not spend the first years of his theological studies in a priestly seminary, but in a sublet with the widow Nováková. The seminarians from Budějovič then lived in the former Capuchin monastery, which was small and not enough for everyone. Nevertheless, Bishop Růžička recognized a gifted student in young Neumann and therefore sent him to further studies at the Faculty of Theology in Prague. There he also had to deal with the remnants of Josephine Freemasonry theories, which still tenaciously persisted in the opinions of some professors. However, they did not lead the young Neumann astray, rather, on the contrary, they increased his devotion to the Holy Church.
Then came another blow for which he was not prepared, and which must have caused him deep grief. He was already looking forward to his ordination, but the bishop postponed his ordination at the last minute. What happened? Nowadays it will sound incredible – almost like a fairy tale – when we hear that our dioceses had an excess of priests in the first half of the 19th century, and that the bishops did not have a suitable location for them. Today, on the other hand, we have already gotten used to their ever-increasing shortage, which is increasing year by year. At that time, however, there were more young priests than the bishops needed. Young theologians were forced to look for employment elsewhere – even outside their homeland if they did not want to wait a long time for a vacant position as a chaplain!
The young theologian Jan Nepomuk Neumann also followed this path. He did not think twice, and at the beginning of February 1836, he left for the United States with the permission and blessing of his bishop. There in New York, Bishop Dubois, who had previously been looking for priests in Europe, welcomed him with sincere joy and ordained him the same year, on June 25, 1836, in his cathedral. Patrick on the priest. We must bear in mind that the United States was still a mission territory at that time. They were only the states on the eastern Atlantic coast, since the great campaign to the Wild West, towards the Pacific, was just beginning. Immigrants from all over the world poured into North America, so the success of the priests’ pastoral work depended primarily on their language skills. However, Jan was very well prepared in this respect. He knew German and Czech, could also communicate in Polish,
Priest John’s first place of work was the Williamsville mission station near Niagara Falls. From there he made long journeys to distant villages, where he had to do everything necessary – from preaching to provisioning. Later, he found effective support in his brother Václav, who came to see him and helped him as a cook, church minister, and, catechist. The reputation of priest Jan Neumann grew greatly, as already in 1851 the archbishop of Baltimore chose him as his confessor and recommended him to the office of bishop in Philadelphia. At that time, however, Neumann was already a member of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer – popularly known as the Redemptorists, which he joined together with his brother Václav in 1840. On February 1, 1852, Pope Bl. Pius IX appointed Jan Nepomuk Neumann as the bishop of the city of Philadelphia, and the episcopal consecration followed in two months. Bishop Jan knew that he would not have an easy job.
Bishop Jan was truly blessed in his diocese. He built 80 new churches and founded over a hundred parish church schools. He is therefore rightly considered the father of American Catholic education. He also founded a small seminary for the growth of priestly vocations and reformed a large priestly seminary. He founded the Congregation of the Sisters of St. Francis. He is the author of two very successful and popular catechisms and Bible histories for children and youth. Thanks to his tireless care, the construction of the Philadelphia Cathedral was completed. He spent most of his time on episcopal and missionary visits to his diocese. During a visit to Rome in 1854, as part of the definition of the article of faith on the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary, Philadelphia Bishop Jan Nepomuk Neumann told the Holy Father Pius IX that his diocese needed many more priests and that it still had only 35 schools with about 10,000 pupils. The Pope promised him help. In the following year, 1855, Bishop Neumann saw his native Bohemia for the last time and celebrated the pontifical mass of St. at the grave of his patron John of Nepomuk in the Cathedral of St. Welcome to Prague Castle. His native Prachatice also welcomed his native.
After all, since 1857, Bishop Jan had his work somewhat easier, because he got a bishop – coadjutor Jakub Bedřich Wood. He came from a banking family, so Neumann was happy to leave the financial issues of the diocese to him. He dedicated himself to spiritual service for his entrusted flocks and was a really good shepherd for them. He tirelessly cared for his sheep literally until the last moment of his life. And so his last day came. On January 5, 1860, while returning home, he fainted and fell on the pavement of the street. They brought him to his mansion already dead. Four days later, his successor, Bishop Wood, pronounced over his coffin the truly prophetic words: “This bishop was a saint.” And he was not wrong. In the second session of the Second Vatican Council, on October 13, 1963, the Holy Father Paul VI. beatified, and on June 19, 1977, the same Pope declared him a saint. Saint Jan Nepomuk Neumann drew strength from the cross of Christ and often repeated to himself: Passion of Christ, strengthen me! This is a great message for all of us – let us also try to draw strength from the cross of Christ. Let us too, following the example of Saint Bishop John, meditate on the suffering of Christ the Lord, let us seek help from the Mother of the Redeemer, the Virgin Mary, and so one day we too will reach eternal life in perfect joy. Saint John of Nepomuk Neumann, pray for us!
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What did Benedict XVI mean? for the church and the world
Several aspects of the pontificate of silent martyrdom.
The late pope emeritus warned the church not to reduce the message of Jesus to the vague values of political moralism.
Joseph Ratzinger – Benedict XVI. was a great gift of God to the church and the world. Uniquely, he was able to reconcile deep intellectual knowledge with spiritual penetration of the problem, in other words, integrally combine Fides et ratio, faith, and reason, and thus penetrate to the essence of things, understand complex phenomena and foresee their further development.
The key word of his theological thinking and pontificate was the truth. This term was already in his archbishop’s motto and the title of two key encyclicals.
While today’s secularized world is dominated by the dictates of relativism, enforced by political power through the ubiquitous media offensive and coercive means, Ratzinger never stopped proclaiming that objective truth independent of human will exists and that man naturally seeks it.
It is not enough, therefore, to be “polite” concerning supposed Christian love, to “discuss” and “tolerate each other”, because even Christian love is nothing if it is not rooted in truth, and Christian tolerance tolerates the sinner, but not his error and sin.
As Catholics, we have a moral obligation to the truth, which is only one and is not “in the middle”, as political correctness cheaply offers us today, but it is where it is, and as Christians, we have a moral obligation to seek and proclaim it, opportune importune, that is even if it causes resistance.
He ruthlessly pointed out the crisis in the church
During the Way of the Cross in the Coliseum on Good Friday 2005, shortly before the death of Pope John Paul II, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger spoke harsh words about the crisis in the Church: “ How little faith there is in so many theories, how many empty words there are!” How much dirt there is in the church, and even among those who in the priesthood should belong to him (that is, Jesus).”
Pope Benedict XVI. then he mercilessly pointed out the crisis in the church, the “pride, and self-centeredness”, especially among those who should completely belong to it [the church] as priests!”, and the lack of faith. He compared the church to a boat that is tossed between ideological currents, “into which water flows from all sides”, in which there is too much of the human and not enough of the divine.
Ratzinger’s principles and ideas provoked a huge backlash from the secular, anti-Church-biased world.
He warned the church and theology not to reduce the message of Jesus to vague values that merge with the general meaningless slogans of political moralism such as decency, tolerance, protection of creation, and peace…, in the middle of which, however, God is forgotten, without whom they become empty and exploitable.
Pope Benedict was convinced that the church and theology had already wasted a lot of time in minor fights over details and had lost sight of the essentials. The Church must not allow itself to be degraded to a cheap social moralizer or an institution of social assistance, it must become itself again, return to its most proper task of proclaiming God’s word and God’s kingdom, and each of its priests must be an alter Christus, “another Christ”, who is in the name of Christ’s truth, he is not even afraid of Calvary.
Integral human development is not possible without God
Although Benedict XVI. wrote only one explicitly social encyclical, which was published a few months after the outbreak of the great financial crisis of 2008, in it he gave a clear message to the world: integral human development cannot be achieved without God.
Marxism and liberalism – he considered both ideologies and systems to be very related because they are built on the same materialism without God – tried to achieve development through purely economic, material means, but these are not only insufficient, but without God, they become dehumanized and counterproductive.
When we remove the moral principle and reduce the economy to the principle of profit and its functioning to a market mechanism, it becomes a destructive tool hostile to man, unable to ensure the integral material-spiritual development of man and the common good of the nation and the state.
Economics also needs the idea of a selfless gift, solidarity, and work out of love and devotion, work is “decent” only when a person chooses it voluntarily, and income is “decent” when it allows one to support a family and provide education and upbringing for children, to enjoy respect in society, to let your voice be heard in the public space, to have a dignified perspective on the time of retirement.
A society of freedom and justice is not possible without the gospel, truly human development is only possible when it touches all people and the whole person, in his material and spiritual dimensions.
Empty Europe
Ratzinger was convinced that the European “civilization of technology and trade, which is triumphantly spreading throughout the world” is “a post-European culture, born from the demise of the old European cultures”.
Europe is emptied from the inside, paralyzed by the will to live, the rejection of the future, manifested by the rejection of children and “pathological” self-hatred. It opens itself up to foreign values, but does not love itself, it sees only everything reprehensible and destructive in its history, it laudably punishes the dishonor of the faith of Israel or Islam, but it offers its own Christianity as a prey to attack and supports multiculturalism, which in reality is only a denial of its own and sacred.
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THE NAME OF JESUS.
Old Testament tradition
Anyone who knows a little about Spanish culture is certainly familiar with two first names such as José María or Jesús María, etc. Although unusual for our ears and tradition, the fact remains that the Spanish commonly use Jesús – Jesus as a first name. However, this name is not used in most Christian Europe. The name Jesus is of Hebrew origin and means…
“The LORD (YHVH) saves; The LORD is salvation .” In Jesus’ time, the newer form Ješú ( a ) was already used. The original Hebrew name of Yehoshua is also found in the Old Testament. Several people have it. The first of them is Joshua, the son of Nun, who is known as the war leader of the Israelites and Moses’ guide during the ascent and descent from Mount Sinai. He was the guardian of the entrance to the tent of revelation and the leader of the people to the Promised Land (Sir 46,1). The book of Sirach, therefore, calls him Moses’ successor in prophecy. 2 Kr 23.8 writes about another Joshua who was a city commander. The city gate of Jerusalem was also named after him. Thus, such a commander had to be distinguished by extraordinary faithful service and loyalty to the king. Thirdly, let’s mention the high priest Josue, Josedek’s son. He is mentioned together with the Judean deputy Zerubbabel as the restorer of the temple (Hag 1,1). Raised in spirit, High Priest Joshua was cleansed of guilt, gifted with new authority, and entrusted with additional duties. The prophet Zechariah gives the high priest Joshua the rank of an anointed one, and he will be crowned after the restoration of the temple (Zech 3-4; 6). The books of Ezra-Nehemiah call it a shorter versionYeshua, which sounds almost the same as the later Aramaic form of the name Jesus.
From this brief overview, we see that the persons who bore the name of Joshua played an important role in leading the Israelites to the Promised Land, in the defense of the city, or the post-exile restoration of the temple. Undoubtedly, the figure of Joshua, Moses’ successor in the prophecy, played a particularly significant role. This Joshua finished what Moses started but could not finish by himself. Moses, at the command of the LORD, led the people out of Egypt, and Joshua, at the command of the LORD, led the people into the Promised Land. The first he brought out of slavery, and the second led to the blessed land. This last image is significant for understanding the name of Jesus of Nazareth.
The name Jesus in the period of the New Testament
In the Greek translation of the Old Testament, the name Joshua is pronounced Jésús. This name is also the name of the only author of the Old Testament writing who signed his writing – Jésús, son of Sirach from Jerusalem (Sir 50,27). In the New Testament Greek text, the name Jesus has the same Greek form as all the mentioned names – Jésús. At the time when books were written with capital Greek letters, the full form of the name Joshua or Jesus looked like this – IHCOUC, where the Greek letter sigma, although it looked like our Latin “C”, was always pronounced like our “s”. In other words, it was always pronounced Jésús. However, copyists used to make abbreviations of words and especially well-known names. And so the internal letters HCOU were omitted from the Greek word IHCOUC and the abbreviation IC was created. This abbreviation is well known from the icons where it denotes the name of Jesus. The abbreviation XC similarly refers to another Greek word, XPISTOC (read Christos ) Christ. So the name Jesus has the same meaning as the name Joshua. Here I would like to mention an incident that happened three years ago to a young family. She already had several children who bore biblical names such as Jacob and Jeremiah. They wanted to name their newborn son Joshua. Surprisingly, the officials of the city officials did not see this. The local pastor had to intervene, who confirmed in writing that the name Joshua is not dangerous and that it is also found in the Bible. The reasoning worked, so now that I’m putting a cross on little Joshua’s forehead, I’ll remember what a precious name he bea
In this context, one of the greatest preachers of the Middle Ages should be mentioned – St. Bernardín of Siena (1380-1444). This Franciscan reformer is known as the Apostle of the Most Holy Name of Jesus. He brought many to conversion and reconciliation. Since he associated preaching with the Most Holy Name of Jesus and is said to have been the first to use it significantly more often than others, he also used the monogram IHS instead of the full name IHCOUC. As a great propagator of deep reverence for the name of Jesus, he is represented with this abbreviation, which is in the sun-shining disk. A hundred years later, the Jesuit fathers would become the successors of the extraordinary reverence for the name of Jesus. Originally, the abbreviation IHS was only used instead of the full name Jesus. Only much later, it began to be interpreted symbolically. It was assumed that each letter stands for a different word, of course in Latin, and thusIesus Homini Salvator meant Jesus saved man– more beautiful Jesus Saved Sinners. Although this interpretation of the name is not original, it is correct in content and deviates little from the original meaning of the name Jesus – the LORD saves or the LORD saves. All the writers of the New Testament wrote the writings of the New Testament at least 15 years after the death, resurrection, and ascension of our LORD Jesus Christ. Therefore, filled with the Holy Spirit and under the influence of his inspiration, they gave Easter meaning to many events. Therefore, when they describe the name Jesus, they immediately give it meaning not only from the name itself but especially from what Jesus did for man. Evangelists Matthew and Luke agree that the angel commanded to name Mary’s child Jesus (Mt 1:21; Lk 1:31; 2:21). The angel also explains to Joseph that he will name him Jesus, because he, Jesus, will free the people from their sins. God’s messenger explains not the name, but the role of Jesus – Jesus is the deliverer of people from their sins. None of the people can do that. Thus, the name Jesus in the case of Christ himself foreshadows a deeper meaning. It reminds us not only that his name means LORD is salvation, but that Jesus is the LORD himself – God, and that he saves man by freeing him from the slavery of sin.
Other persons in the New Testament with the name Jesus It is interesting that the New Testament also knows several other persons who have the name Jesus or Jesús. Jesus’ ancestor, the son of Eliezer, is mentioned first (Luke 3:29). The second Jesus, better known as Barabas (translated as “son of the father”), was a rebel and a murderer (Mk 15:7). Together with Jesus the Messiah, Pilate offers the people a choice (Mt 27:16-17). Certainly, the same names caused copyists to prefer not to name this rebel by the name Jésús, but only Barabbas, in many manuscripts. In the Acts of the Apostles, a certain wizard Elymus, Barjésú (“son of Jesus”; Acts 13,6-8) is mentioned. The fourth and last case of a man named Jésúsis Paul’s reliable associate also called Justus (“just”). This was Paul’s consolation (Col 4:11). In addition to Jesus the LORD, the New Testament mentions four more persons with the name Jesus – two of them have a negative character and the other two have a positive character. The last of them, Justus, is an example of an active worker in God’s kingdom.
Respect for the name
It is a sin to damage another person’s name. Everyone is sensitive to their name. On the other hand, respecting other people’s names means respecting them. Thus, the name in the basic sense of the word captures the whole person. Therefore, respecting the names of others is an expression of respect and love for them. To have respect for God’s name, LORD is even one of the Ten Commandments of God. And in this commandment, is also an expression of respect and love for God the Creator and Liberator. Let’s go back to the name Jesus. The word of St. Paul the Apostle to the Philippians beautifully expresses, come to a living faith in tradition. He wrote to the Philippians that God, in his salvation plan, exalted Jesus above all and gave him a name that is above every other name. He did this so that in the name of Jesus every knee would bow in heaven, on earth, and in the underworld and that every tongue confesses that Jesus, the Messiah, is Lord! Paying respect to the name of Jesus is not a humiliation for anyone, but it is an expression of our faith in the glory of God the Father (Phil 2,9-11). Worshiping the name of Jesus is not a magic formula that saves from evil. Worshiping the name of Jesus in true faith – that is, worshiping Jesus as a man and God in one person – is a profession of faith and giving praise to God’s condescension for his saving plan with us. To call on the name of Jesus is to bend the knee and bow the heart before the one who is God and man with a humble heart in one person. Calling on Jesus is the prayer of a good thief asking for salvation. As Joshua led the people to the Promised Land, so Jesus leads those who call to him to paradise (Luke 23:42). Let us often call on Jesus as LORD and have hope! You don’t have to wait for January 3, when there is any remembrance of the Most Holy Name, Jesus. Let us call with hope, Jesus, remember us…
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