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When the Russian writer F. M. Dostoevsky lay on his deathbed, asking his wife Anna to call the children. When the children gathered, he had just finished reading the parable of the prodigal son. Dostoevsky told the children: “This place gives Christians the greatest comfort. When we sin, we ignore God’s commandments, but God still loves us. When we return to the right path and repent of our sins, he accepts us and his joy is all the greater the danger we were in and escaped from. No one has to despair of being lost. “

“Will a woman forget her baby…? (Is 49, 15), God pleases already in the Old Testament. God cannot lie! For example, Saint Paul gives us Abraham, “who patiently waited and achieved the promise “(Hebr 6, 15). He trusted God even in a hopeless situation. Using his example, God wants to more convincingly prove the immutability of his decision” “Hebr 6, 17(. Jesus also asks us for such an attitude of faith. According to St. Paul, only in such faith “will we achieve the offered hope. We have it as a sure and solid anchor soul “(Hebr 6, 19). For can God forget those who “k call him day and night, and will he be oblivious to them? “(Lk 18, 7).

He was indeed a descendant of Dryopithecus and belongs to the evolutionary line of man. He weighed about 50 kilograms. Likewise, he could move equally well on trees and the ground. Furthermore, he ate mainly plant food, and perhaps larvae and eggs of animals or forest honey appeared on the menu.
But even Australopithecus was not destined for human perfection. They deviated from the main evolutionary line sometime at the beginning of the Levant period in the upper Pliocene and formed their blind evolutionary line. God’s sieve about 2.8 million years ago, a genus that walked on. Many signs distinguish Australopithecus from apes, but it is not so essential. However, it is enough for scientific materialism. Why was walking on two goods when it is significantly disadvantageous? Why hunt with the help of a club when agile muscles, strength of limbs, and powerful teeth are better? Can you imagine a bear brandishing a club to get something to eat? What chances would it have of survival? Australopithecus did not survive. Apes did.

I ask why nature, according to Marxists, so perfect and admirable, suddenly does something against itself. It creates an animal that will eventually perish. The second question concerns the mechanism of evolution. Nothing in nature prefers unigenesis – the independent development of a single genus, but polygenesis – several related genera simultaneously. This applies to the entire universe. A star does not arise alone but in a stellar association. If nature did not prefer polygenesis to unigenesis, we would have a sea of ​​​​individuals worldwide—for example, a cat and nothing more. Or a wolf, but its relatives, dogs, jackals, and skunks, would not be. Why did nature suddenly change its mind and support the development of someone who has no equal? Perhaps it occurred to Darwin himself that many other creatures better adapted to survival in nature than the human ancestor had become extinct during the Quaternary period. The machairodus (saber-toothed tiger), with its 50 cm long fangs, did not survive, but a slow creature walking on two legs, brandishing a club, did. It was as if someone was holding a protective hand over it. Yes, that’s true.

The power to breathe life penetrates the separation between what is imperfect and what is perfect. His word has the power to reveal everything that is hidden in our hearts. This can scare if we forget God’s plans. However, he left us his word to purify us so we could accept his life freely. It is God’s intention that we love and trust him so much that we allow him to infuse his divine life into us and remove the paths of sin and darkness from our lives. Today begins the week of prayer for Christian unity. It is a time when we associate with Christians of many denominations in prayers for union in Christ so that the world believes (John 17, 22–23). God wants to purify us as one body, not as individuals. Part of this cleansing is the effort to tear down the walls that divide his people. Suppose we allow Jesus to cleanse our hearts. In that case, we will participate with him in uniting his body.

The writers of the Second Vatican Council in the Decree on Ecumenism urgently asked all believers for this purification to unite the Church:“ Although the Catholic Church received all the truth revealed by God and all the means of grace, after all, its members do not live accordingly with due zeal, so the face of the Church appears less radiant to our separated brothers and to the whole world, and thus the growth of God’s kingdom is hindered. Therefore, all Catholics should strive for Christian perfection, and each of them should try according to their possibilities so that the Church, which endures Christ’s humiliation and dying on its body, day after day she cleansed herself and renewed herself until Christ prepares her famous, without stain and wrinkle.” (Ecumenism decree, art. 4) In prayer, let God’s word purify us by the power of the Holy Spirit.

A stage in which our ancestor was aware of himself but not of God.
As we mentioned earlier, there were many ancestors of man, but only a few lineages passed through God’s sieve and continued to evolve. This was happening in East Africa, Europe, and Asia simultaneously because the Dryopithecov could successfully migrate. In the geological period, the ancestors of the hominoids reached a stage when their spirit was awakening. They could pierce the veil of routine action, according to the instinct inherent in the animal kingdom, and move into a sphere of action that indicates a thought process. Animals, apes, and great apes act according to the God-given program encoded in the DNA of the cell nucleus and transmitted from offspring to offspring. The main goal of action is to feed oneself and to establish new offspring. If we observe animals’ kind coexistence and help each other, it is always about helping each other acquire the necessities of life. Animals will not invent anything by themselves unless you teach them. Otherwise, their life would change rapidly. Thinking fosters creativity, and creativity is the mother of change. Only God and man can actively change things. The change in the minds of the Dryopithecus was divinely initiated. One day, our ancestor saw scattered pieces of wood and thought he could store them somewhere to serve him later. No animal can do that on its own. Marxists claimed that this ability separated man from nature, and based on these qualities, the animal became man. Wrong.
There is something more than work that separates man from nature. This stage of evolution has its special period and place in the line of ancestors, and it is impossible to speak of their representatives as men. The creative divine purpose only continues. The actual birth of man took place mainly in Southern Africa. Professor Raymond Dart discovered a skull in a limestone quarry in Southern Africa, just over 10 centimeters in size. He concluded that the skull did not belong to any ape or chimpanzee, leaving only the possibility of an ancestor of man. The dentition in the skull was milky, suggesting that it was a dead juvenile. Professor Dart described the find, saying it was a member of the evolutionary line of man and called it Australopithecus Africans, which was indeed a descendant of the genus Dryopithecus.

Be careful that none of you has an evil and unfaithful heart and falls away from the living God › Heb 3, 12.

Liturgical reading from the Letter to the Hebrews (Hebrews 3.7-14) warns the Christian community of the danger of „slipping to the corruption of the heart“. These words apply to all members of the Church, including priests, sisters, and bishops. There are three words, three threats to the heart, against which God’s word warns: hardness, stubbornness, and succumbing to seduction. We can ask ourselves: Do I have a hard heart? Do I have an inaccessible heart? Am I making my heart grow? Am I afraid of its growth? It always grows through trials and difficulties; it grows, like all of us, since childhood: we learn to walk by falling. How many times have we lost while we went from toddling to stepping? But through difficulties, it grows. The hardness of the heart is related to its closure. This attitude is harmful, and it is small-mindedness. Small-mindedness is an ugly attitude in a Christian; he lacks the courage to live. It closes. He’s small-minded.

The blunt warning in the Letter to the Hebrews reading is before “hardening” heaven with „spiritual stubbornness. “  Such an attitude was blamed on St. Stefan by those who stoned him. It is the attitude of “ideologists” that “conceited” Ideology is a burden. God’s Word, the grace of the Holy Spirit, is not an ideology: it is a life that allows you to grow, to keep moving forward, and also to have your heart open to the signs of the Spirit, the signs of the times. But stubbornness is also conceit; it’s pride. It is stubbornness, that stubbornness, that does so much evil. Stubborn and stubborn, as the text says, these are ideologues. But don’t I have a stubborn heart? Let’s all think. Am I able to listen to other people? And if I have a different opinion, I say: „Well, I’m of this opinion…“  Am I able to discuss this? Stubborn people don’t discuss, they don’t know because they always defend themselves with ideas, they are ideologues. And how much evil do ideologies do to God’s people? How much evil! Because they prevent the action of the Holy Spirit.

About the third is a dangerous attitude of succumbing to seduction and mutilation. It is an avalanche to reach a kind of compromise and simultaneously be on both sides. Yes, I follow the Lord, but I like this seduction, so just a little… And you start living a double life as a Christian. Let’s use the word that the great Elijah said to the people of Israel at a particular moment: „ You cry on both legs. “ Limp with both legs, and neither is firm. That’s a life of compromise. – „Yes, I’m a Christian, I follow the Lord, yes, but I leave this and this is a pass…“ – And these are the lukewarm ones who always compromise: Christians compromise. We too often do it: a compromise. When the Lord shows us the way, both with the commandments and with the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, I like this and try to follow two tracks, limping on both feet.

Human development is a fascinating story that begins millions of years ago when our ancestors began to differentiate themselves from other primates. The first hominids appeared in Africa, and since then, humans have come a long way towards what they are today.

This process is much more complex than it might seem at first glance. Not only were these physical changes, but changes in behavior and culture also played a vital role. This article will scrutinize the key milestones of this development and the factors that influenced it.

From the original Australopithecines to Neanderthals and modern Homo sapiens, every step of human evolution is full of discoveries and moments that shaped the world as we know it today. We will also examine how migration and changes in the environment have influenced the development of our species and what cultural and social factors have played a key role in the formation of contemporary.

Human origin

Human development begins in the deep past when our ancestors shared common ancestors with today’s chimpanzees. About seven million years ago, these lines split. The first hominids, known as australopithecines, appeared in Africa. These creatures were still very similar to monkeys initially, although they already walked on two legs. Their movement was more like swinging, and walking was often a combination of climbing trees.

Notably, the first signs of tool use began to appear in these early hominids. For example, Australopithecus afarensis used sharp stones to facilitate access to food. This moment could have been a turning point for our ancestors, as the incipient use of tools signaled the onset of higher cognitive abilities.

Then, about two and a half million years ago, the first representatives of the genus Homo, Homo habilis, appeared. An interesting fact is that it was with these people that the first tools appeared, which were already purposefully worked. Homo habilis not only used tools but also produced them, reaffirming the growing complexity of our ancestors’ thinking.

Subsequently came Homo erectus about 1.9 million years ago. These people were the first to control and use the fire in a controlled manner. Fire has changed the way Homo erectus lives incredibly. It was a source of heat and protection and helped prepare food, leading to better health and a longer life. Homo erectus was also the first to leave Africa and go on long journeys to Asia and Europe.

One significant step in evolution was the discovery of Homo sapiens roughly 300,000 years ago. These people distinguished themselves not only in their physical form but also in their cultural aspects. The first Homo sapiens began to create art and left behind cave paintings that still fascinate us today. This shows that they began to think abstractly and develop symbols with deep meaning.

As famous paleoanthropologist Louis Leakey puts it:

„Without understanding our origins, we would never truly understand who we are.“

It is fascinating to see how our ancestors were able to adapt to the changing environment and how their innovations led to the fact that today, we are able to live in such diverse conditions.

The Origin of Man is a story full of discovery, adaptations, and overcoming challenges. We can draw lessons and inspiration for the future from our roots. Even though we have gone down a long and difficult path, every stage of our development has played a key role in what we are today.

Neanderthals and Homo sapiens

Neanderthals and Homo sapiens are the two best-known species in human evolution. Neanderthals, known scientifically as Homo neanderthalensis, inhabited Europe and part of Asia approximately 400,000 to 40,000 years ago. They were more robust and had larger skulls than modern men. Despite the depiction common today, it must be realized that Neanderthals were not primitive. They had advanced tools, skills, and even funeral rituals, indicating a certain level of spiritual life.

Homo sapiens, which is the species we belong to today, appeared in Africa about 300,000 years ago. It gradually spread throughout the world. Scientists have long argued about whether Neanderthals and Homo sapiens fought wars with each other or whether they established friendly relations with each other. Recent genetic studies show that the two species interbred with each other. Up to 2% of DNA in some modern humans outside Africa comes from Neanderthals.

In addition to the physical differences between the two species, there were also fundamental cultural differences. Neanderthals were hunters and gatherers who used simple tools. However, Homo sapiens was able to produce more complex tools, allowing it to better adapt to different environments. They also had advanced artistic expressions, as evidenced, for example, by the painting’s outline in Spanish caves.

An essential aspect of Neanderthal and Homo sapiens life was the interactions between the two species. According to genetic evidence, several encounters between them led to gene exchange. These interactions could have taken place in different ways. Some theories discuss peaceful coexistence and trade exchange, while others mention possible conflicts. In his book, the anthropologist Svante Pääbo states that “the genetic traces left by Neanderthals in the DNA of modern humans are a valuable window into our evolutionary past.”

Although Neanderthals eventually became extinct, their genetic traces live on in us. Researchers are still debating the exact cause of their demise. Some scientists suggest that climate change may have played a vital role, while others believe that competition with Homo sapiens or epidemics may have contributed to their demise.

Migration and cultural development

Since the earliest times, people have been constantly on the move. One of the most fundamental moments in human history was the spread of Homo sapiens from Africa to other parts of the world. This process began approximately 60–70 thousand years ago and significantly affected not only the physical appearance of people but also their culture and social structures.

Migration was not just about moving from one place to another. With each new environment, people had to adapt to new conditions. This meant not only a different diet but also different survival techniques. In Africa, humans hunted large animals; in Europe and Asia, they had to adapt to harsher climates and hunt more minor game.

Not only natural conditions but also interactions with other groups of people significantly impacted the development of culture. When people came into contact with new groups, goods, technology, and even genes were exchanged. One of the most famous examples is the interaction between Homo sapiens and Neanderthals in Europe. Although Neanderthals eventually became extinct, traces of their genes can be found in the genetic makeup of today’s humans.

This cultural development also involved the emergence and diffusion of various technologies, from simple stone tools to more complex weapons and tools. For example, making fire was revolutionary because it allowed people to cook food and warm themselves in colder climates. The creation of dwellings and clothing has also improved, allowing people to survive even in the harshest conditions.

In addition to technological advances, there have also been significant cultural developments. The first works of art, such as paintings in caves and statuettes, show us how people began to express their creativity and spiritual life. The discovery of fishing grounds and tools points to how people learned to share knowledge and pass it on to future generations.

The agricultural revolution also had a significant influence on the development of humanity. While humans used to be hunters and gatherers, the transition to agriculture around 10,000 years ago marked the beginning of a new period. This transition enabled the creation of the first permanent settlements and, with them, the first cities. People began to settle in one place, which led to the further development of culture, technology, and social structures. Migration and cultural development are about physical transfer, mutual influence, and exchanging knowledge and skills. As people traveled from one place to another, they influenced and were influenced by the environment in which they found themselves. This process shaped our physical body, mind, and culture.

Modern man

Unlike his predecessors, modern man could create complex tools, build dwellings, and develop large-scale social structures. A significant milestone was the individual’s physical survival and ability to communicate and cooperate within the group.

Climate and environmental changes have had a significant influence on the development of modern man. As people migrated from Africa to other parts of the world, they had to adapt to different – conditions, from the icy plains of Europe to the tropical rainforests of Asia. This migration has contributed to the diversity of the modern human gene pool. An example would be the archaeological finds in a cave in Morocco, where the skeletons of our ancestors, about 300,000 years old, have been discovered, which shows that, even then, there were several types of people with different looks and abilities.

One of the most essential qualities of modern man is the ability to think abstractly and express himself artistically. In rock paintings in caves worldwide, we can see the first attempts to record the world around us. These paintings are not only works of art but also important historical documents that provide us with insight into the lives of our ancestors.

 The introduction of agriculture some 10,000 years ago marked a huge turning point. People began settling down, forming settlements and, thus, more complex social structures. Agriculture allowed the emergence of food surpluses, which led to the specialization of labor and the creation of the first cities. Developing writing, science, and technology is also related to this.

“People have become creators of their own evolution,” says paleontologist Chris Stringer of the Natural History Museum in London. “Our cultural capabilities have transformed us into the most complex species on Earth.”

Interestingly, modern man shares his genes with Neanderthals and Denisovans. According to genetic studies, most of today’s population has a small proportion of Neanderthal genes, indicating that these species have interbred. As a result, we gained several genetic benefits that helped us survive and thrive in different conditions.

Modern man has significantly influenced the planet in recent centuries – from industrialization to technological revolution to global climate change. Our ability to change the environment around us has no parallel in the animal world. However, the fundamental question remains: what effect will these changes have in the future, and how will humanity cope with them?

There is no doubt that the development of modern man is a fascinating and complex story. Our ability to adapt and innovate has brought us here, but the future depends on our decisions and actions.

God did not conquer the whole world with angels! But already in the Book of Genesis (Gn 1, 28-29) we learn that he entrusts the entire work of creation to man. Today’s first reading and the Psalm remind us of this, even at this time of pandemic in the world: „What is man that you remember him, and the son of man that you take him in? You made him only a little less than the angels, you crowned him with glory and honor, and you have put all things  under his feet.“ God has given us everything to manage – He is the Owner of the gifts we have received or are yet to receive – „ man what you have that you would not have received.“ (1 Cor 4,7)Beloved, let’s stop today and think about how I manage the property entrusted to me – I am not wasting it. Do I respect him? … But let’s not stop at managing material possessions and goods – yes, that is also necessary, except that none of us will take with us into eternity anything that he has naked in this world. Everyone comes before God once, and nothing big, nothing special will be required of us – maybe to show „the palms of our hands. “ The message does not mean only ” wisdom“ command but works for the common good for me and others. In practical life, it’s about the willingness to rub one’s hands for another, admit calluses on one’s palms, and give one’s hand to a good work… so that not only the tongue works, but also the hands, not to mention the heart, which in my hands can I can give … My dears, what will my palms be like…? Beautiful without calluses – but empty …, or sore, torn off – but full …?

When did the Creator appoint the time to begin man’s evolution? We don’t know, and we won’t know exactly. It could have been sometime in the early Neogene, 23 million years ago. The important thing is that from then on, God led our ancestors, slowly, step by step, to greater and greater perfection. We can speak of one unbroken line leading up to today. Other branches have gradually started to branch off and diverge from this line. Side lines of development and ended blindly. Either they became extinct or the present-day great apes. We find in them the remains of what in the past were considered to be the direct ancestors of man. But we know little of the actual ancestors from the direct human line. The chipped-off blind layers serve as circumstantial evidence for the existence of the leading human evolutionary line. We find few direct remains because they did not constitute 5 percent of the population in their very existence. Of all actual and false hominoids/human-related species./ Of the 20 or so human remains found, only one belonged to a direct ancestor.
The man began to evolve in East Africa over several million square kilometers. And they are indeed found. They are sleeping the sleep of peace beneath the deposits of the ages. From there, men and other relatives moved to Europe and Asia. Thus, the area of the range of man’s ancestors increased to several million kilometers. Then, too, what has been found is worthy of admiration.
In 1856, Dr. Fontana of France discovered a hominoid skeleton in a lignite mine near Toulouse; by research, anthropologists concluded that it may have belonged to the direct ancestors of man. It was given the name Dryopithecus. It was about the size of today’s 12-year-old child, who lived in forests and was fed on plant food . More than half a thousand finds of this creature have been found in Africa and Asia. They showed considerable variability according to the conditions in which they lived. It is almost impossible to know which genus continued to evolve and moved on to man. One thing we can say for sure, however, is that the great apes, orangutans, gorillas, and chimpanzees alive today have diverged from the evolutionary lineage of the Dryopithecus and have gone their way. God did not choose and ordain their descendants to develop further to greater maturity. It is like when, out of many applicants, many failures drop out. If today a chimpanzee or gorilla can help itself gather food with a stick or build a footstool out of logs to reach an unreachable banana, Dryopithecus did it 14 million years ago. But later dryopithecus did more, but chimpanzee evolution remained at the same level, When did today’s great apes diverge from dryopithecus? The orangutan about 8 million years ago. The chimpanzee and the gorilla once formed a single rof that also branched into two lineages. This happened about 5 million years ago. And this is also the end of the first evolutionary Man, who finally said goodbye to his animal ancestors and embarked on a path of self-development.

A Christian can believe in evolution as an ongoing work of God in which God is constantly involved, and can also believe in the origin of man’s evolution. It is unlikely that God would use two different methods in creation. Recently, there has been speculation that animals and nature came into existence through evolution but that God created man directly, as recorded in the Book of Genesis. However, God does not need to change the methods of creation.
There is one strange phenomenon in the universe. There is the fact that life exists only on our planet. Scientists have observed that life evolves from the less perfect to the more perfect. Life needs a tremendous amount of energy for its existence. But how did it begin? Who gave the first impulse? Who decreed that the energy generated by thermonuclear reactions in the stars and in the sun should be used precisely for a form of existence of matter that would be directed against the natural process within entropy? Matter decays and dissipates in vast spaces, uselessly releasing immense amounts of energy into enormous spaces. On the other hand, there is the Earth on which energy is used. How ingenious. But who arranged it that way? To say that the jet of coincidence is unsustainable. The probability of such a coincidence is zero. According to Oparin’s theory of the origin of life in water, coacervates of organic molecules are at the origin. Imagine the mighty flow of a swollen river. I throw a newborn baby kangaroo. Materialists claim this baby will exist in the river and even evolve successfully. But it has to be said that this is unlikely. If the baby kangaroo survives, it will be a miracle. And it wouldn’t help if we threw thousands of babies into the river; they’d all die.
We need energy to make steel from iron ore. The process must be controlled. We don’t need energy to rust a fence, which happens spontaneously. The emergence of life so randomly, without control, is nonsense. And those who claimed this were posing as geniuses of modern science. All creation, starting with the Cambrian period, which began about 600 million years ago, to the beginning of the Neogene, were preparations for the creation of man. The birth and development of man can be divided into four stages.
1 A stage in which our ancestor was conscious neither of himself nor of God.
2 The stage in which our ancestors became conscious of themselves but not yet of God.
3 The stage in which our ancestors became aware of both themselves and God and became truly human.
4 The stage in which man rejects God and commits sin.